Updated GK and Current Affairs for Kids : class1

Basic Gk Questions for KIDS Updated

Most important simple GK questions for Kids under the age of 7 years. It enhances the basic knowledge about India and the world.

*Please don't try to teach them all in a day.

1. Who is the father of the Indian nation?
Answer: Mahatma Gandhi

1a. Who is the Prime Minister of India?
answer: Narendra Modi

2. Who is the president of India?
Answer: Droupadi Murmu

2a. Who is known as the First Citizen of India?
Answer: President of India

3. Who is the vice president of India?
Answer: Jagdeep Dhankhar

4. What is the National Emblem of India?
Answer: Lion Capital of Ashoka

5. what is the National motto of India?
Answer: Satyameva Jayate

6. What is the National anthem of India?
Answer: Jana Gana Mana

7. Who wrote National Anthem?
Answer: Rabindranath Tagore

8. What is the National song of India?
Answer: Vande Mataram

9. Who wrote the National song of India?
Answer: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

10. What is the Capital of India?
Answer: New Delhi

11. How many colors are there in The National flag of India?
Answer: Three ( Saffron, White, and Green)

12. What is the color of 'Ashoka chakra'?
Answer: Navy Blue

13. How many lines are there in Ashoka Chakra?
Answer: 24

14. how many states are there in India?
Answer: 28

15. how many union territories are there in India?
Answer: 8

16. who gave the title the father of the nation to Mahatma Gandhi?

Answer: Subhas Chandra Bose

17. What is the National animal of India?

Answer: The Royal Bengal Tiger

 18. What is the National bird of India?

Answer: The Indian peacock 

 18. What is the National aquatic animal of India ?

Answer: The Ganges river dolphin

19. Who is the First President of India? 

Answer: Rajendra Prasad 

20. Who is the First Prime Minister of India? 

Answer: Jawahar Lal Nehru 

21. Who is the First Vice President of India? 

Answer: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

22. First person who reached the moon?

Answer: Neil Armstrong

23. First person who reached mount Everest?

Answer: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay

24. First person who reached the north pole?

Answer: Robert E. Peary

25. First person who reached the south pole?

Answer: Roald Amundsen

26. India got independence on?

Answer: 15th August 1947

27. Republic Day of India is celebrated on?

Answer: January 26th

28. In which year India became a republic?

 Answer: 1950 January 26th

More GK Questions for Kids

For more simple GK science questions for kids visit GK Science questions for kids

 

Last updated on  2025

Current affairs latest gk questions 2013 to 2025

Click here for monthly updating Latest Current affairs questions 2025

Important current affairs gk questions and General awareness questions for all competitive exams

More Current affairs aug 2013  updates




Find the 2014 Grand slam winners from here

1. Who is the winner of  Australian Open 2013 Women's title ?
Answer: Victoria Azarenka


2. Who is the winner of  Australian Open 2013 men's title ?
Answer: Novak Djokovic

Did you know who are the winners of Australian Open 2012 ?

3. Who is the chief guest of 2013 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas ?
Answer: Rajkeswur Purryag, President of Mauritius (Held in Kochi)


4. Who is the chief guest of republic day 2013 ?
Answer: Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck, King of Bhutan


5. Who is first female President of South Korea ?
Answer: Park Guen-hye


6. Who is the first female Chief Justice of Sri Lanka ?
Answer: Shirani Bandaranayake (recently impeached)


7. Who is the winner of DSC Prize for South Asian Literature 2013 ?
Answer: Jeet Thayil (book - Narcopolis)


8. Which is the Longest Railway Tunnel in India?
Answer: Pir Panjal Railway Tunnel (Banihal railway tunnel)

9. Where did the World Economic Forum annual meeting held ?
Answer: Davos, Switzerland


10. Who has been conferred won Keerthi Chakra (the second highest among peace time gallantry awards of the country) ?
Answer: Major Anoop Joseph


11. Which Indian scientist conferred with China's top science award ?
Answer: CNR Rao


12. Who is the winner of Ranji Trophy 2012-2013 ?
Answer: Mumbai


13. Which country recently test fired  Hatf-9 (Nasr) missile  ?
Answer: Pakistan 


14. Who is the new Chairman of Lalit Kala Akademi  ?
 Answer: Kalyan Kumar Chakravarty


15. Who is the new  President of Sahitya Akademi ?
Answer: Dr. Vishwanath Prasad Tiwari


16. Who is appointed as the next Permanent Representative of India to the United Nations ?
Answer: Asoke Kumar Mukerji


17. Who is the worlds oldest Marathon runner ?
Answer: Fauja Singh



OSCAR Winners 2013 (85th Academy Awards Winners)

17. Which film won this year's Best Picture Oscar ?
Answer: Argo


18. Which actor won this year's Best Actor (in a Leading Role) Oscar ?
Answer: Daniel Day-Lewis (Lincoln)


19. Which actress won this year's Best Actress (in a Leading Role) Oscar ?

Answer: Jennifer Lawrence (Silver Linings Playbook)


20. Who won this year's Best Director Oscar ?
Answer: Ang Lee (Life of Pi)


21. Who is the first person to win Best Actor Oscar thrice ?
Answer: Daniel Day-Lewis

_____________________________________________________


22. What is the theme of 2013 International Women’s Day (march 8) ?
Answer: A promise is a promise: Time for action to end violence against women


23. New Governor of Nagaland ?
Answer: Ashwani Kumar


24. New Governor of Kerala ?
Answer: Nikhil Kumar


25. New Governor of Odisha ?
Answer: S C Jamir


26. Who is the new President of Kenya ?
Answer: Uhuru Kenyatta


27. Who is the new PM ( Premier of the People's Republic of China) of China ?
Answer: Li Keqiang


28. Who is the new Pope?
Answer: Pope Francis


29. What is the name of India's first regional navigational satellite ?
Answer: IRNSS-1


30. Who scored fastest hundred on debut in test cricket ?
Answer: Shikhar Dhawan


31. Where is India's first all women post office inaugurated on women's day ?
Answer: Delhi


32. What is the theme of 2013 world water day (march 22) ?
Answer: Water Cooperation


33. Which year is declared by UN as International Year of Water Cooperation ?
Answer: 2013


34. Who is the winner of 2013 miss India ?

answer: Navneet Kaur Dhillon

35. who is the winner of 2013 Saraswati Samman ?
Answer: Sugathakumari (Manalezhuthu)


36. Who is recently reelected as IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) Director general ?
Answer: Yukiya Amano


37. Who is the new Prime Minister of Nepal ?
Answer: Khil Raj Regmi


38. Who is the first female Prime minister of UK who recently passed away ?
Answer: Margaret Thatcher


39. Who is the new pm of North Korea ?
Answer: Pak Pong-ju


40. Who is the new venezuela president ?
Answer: Nicolas Maduro


41. Who is the new president of Bangladesh ?
Answer: Abdul Hamid


42. What is the theme of 2013 World Earth day (April 22) ?
Answer: The face of climate change


43. Who is the new Governor of  Jammu and Kashmir ?
answer: Narinder Nath Vohra


44. Who is the new president of ADB (Asian Development Bank) ?
Answer: Takehiko Nakao


45. Who is the new prime minister of Italy ?
Answer: Enrico Letta


46.  Who is the first woman speaker of Bangladesh ?
Answer: Shirin Sharmin Chowdhury


47.  Who is the new Comptroller and Auditor General of India ?
Answer: Shashi Kant Sharma


48. Who is the first Indian amputee to scale Everest ?
Answer: Arunima Sinha


49. Who is the first Pakistani women to scale the Everest ?
Answer: Samina Baig


50. Who is the first US women in space ?
Answer: Sally Ride (Recently she won highest civilian honour of USA, Presidential medal of Freedom)


51. What is the theme of 2013 International Biological diversity Day (May 22) ?
Answer: Water and Biodiversity 


52. Who is the winner of 2013 Man Booker International Prize ?
Answer: Lydia Davis


53. What is the theme of 2013 World No- Tobacco Day ( May 31 ) ?
Answer: Ban tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship


54. Who is the new Director General of DRDO ?
Answer: Avinash Chander


55. Who is the new prime minister of Pakistan ?
Answer: Nawaz Sharif


56. Who were the first twins to scale mount Everest ?
Answer: Tashi and Nancy Malik


57. What is the theme of 2013 World Environment Day (June 5) ?
Answer: Think, Eat, Save


58. Who won the 2013 Templeton Prize ?
Answer: Desmond Tutu


59. Who is the longest serving defence minister in India ?
Answer:  A.K Antony


60. Who is the winner of 2013 French open women's title ?
Answer: Serena Williams


61. Who is the winner of 2013 French open men's title ?
Answer: Rafael Nadal

Wanted to know more gk questions about Tennis visit http://importantquestionsabout.blogspot.in/2012/09/generalknowledgequestions-sports.html



62. Who is the new prime minister of Australia ?
Answer: Kevin Rudd


63. Who is  the present chief justice of India ?
answer:  P Sathasivam


64. Which is the first smoke free state of India ?
 Answer: Himachal Pradesh


65. Which is India's first navigational satellite ?
Answer: IRNSS-1A


 * 66. Who is the present foreign secretary of India ?
 answer: Sujata Singh
  

* 67. Who won 2013 Wimbledon Men's Title ?
Answer: Andy Murray


 * 68. Who won 2013 Wimbledon Women's Title ?
Answer:  Marion Bartoli


* 69. what is the theme of 2013 World population day (July 11)?
Answer: Adolescent pregnancy with an aspiration of safe childbirth and that each pregnancy is wanted


*70. Who is the Recently elected Miss world 2013 ?

Answer: Megan Young (Miss Philippines)

*71. Who will represent India in Miss Universe 2013?
answer : Mansi Moghe(Miss Diva 2013)

 2013  Nobel prize 

* 72) Winner of 2013  Nobel prize in physics ?

Answer: François Englert and Peter W. Higgs

*73) winner of 2013 chemistry Nobel prize ?
Answer: Martin Karplus , Michael Levitt and Arieh Warshel

*74) 2013 Nobel Prize for  Literature  Winner
Answer: Alice Munro

 *75) 2013  Nobel Peace Prize winner
Answer:  Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)

*76)winner of  2013 Nobel prize for Medicine ?
Answer: James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Sudhof

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *77) Cyclone Phailin is expected to hit which indian state ?

Answer: Odisha

*78) Current ADB President ?
Answer:Takehiko Nakao

* newly updated

For more general awareness and current affairs questions visit current affairs questions Quiz part 2

Click here for monthly updating Latest Current affairs questions 2025


Did you know which is the coldest planet in our solar system ?

Current affairs are added as Comment to save time and effort , see those too.

General awareness for banking and upsc exams

GK Questions for Bank and upsc Exams

1. What is the full form of FIMI ?

Ans:- Federation of Indian mineral industries .

2. What is the full form of EEZ ?

Answer: - Exclusive Economic zone 

3.Where is "Preah Vihear Temple"  situated ?
Answer:- Preah Vihear Temple is situated at  Thailand - Cambodian boarder .

4. Agenda21 is related to _____________?

Answer: - Earth Summit ( Rio Summit on 14 June 1992)

5. What is the full form of WPI ?

Answer: Whole Sale Price Index

6. Members of Shanghai cooperation organization are?

Answer: China, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan

7. Who is the author of the book "Room of many colors"  recently published ?

Answer:- Ruskin Bond


8. International Day of Disappeared ?

Answer:- August 30 

           June 8 is celebrated as world ocean day 

           FIDE was founded in Paris, France on July 20, 1924


9. What is the full form for NEFT ?

Answer: National Electronic Fund Transfer
[ibps PO Exam 2011]

10. Different types of bank accounts ?

Answer:

Fixed or terms deposit
Savings deposit
Current deposit or current a/c
Recurring deposit

[ibps PO Exam 2011] 

Current Affairs Questions : 2011 Census report

Current Affairs Questions from census 2011



These Current Affairs Questions and answers won't change till the year 2021, so you can study these questions without any hesitations.



1. What is the Total population of India according to 2011 census ?
Answer: 121 crore


2. Which is the most populous state in India ?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh


3. Which is the least populous state in India ?
Answer: Sikkim


4.What is the rate of growth of population of India according to 2011 census ?
Answer:  17.64 %


5. Which state has the highest fertility rate in India ?
Answer: Meghalaya


6. What is the percentage of worlds population having in India?
Answer: 17.5 %


7.  Literacy Rate in India according to Census 2011?
Answer: 74.04 %


8. Which is the most literate state in India ?
Answer: Kerala (93.9%)


9. Which is the least literate state in India ?
Answer: Bihar (63.82%)


10. Which is the most literate Union territory in India ?
Answer: Lakshadweep (92.2%)


 11. Which is the least literate Union territory in India ?
Answer: Dadra and Nagar Haveli


12. Which is the most Literate districts of India ?
Answer: Serchhip (Mizoram)



13. Which is the least Literate districts of India ?
Answer: Alirajpur (Madhya Pradesh)



14. Which Indian state has high density of population ?
Answer: Bihar (1102)


15. Which Indian state has low density of population ?
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh (17)



16. Which state in India has highest sex ratio ?
Answer: Kerala (1084/1000)


17. Which state in India has lowest sex ratio ?
Answer: Hariyana


18. What is the Density of Population of India ?
Answer: 382


19. What is the sex ratio of India ?
Answer: 940/1000


20. Which Union territory has highest sex ratio ?
Answer: Puducherry


* 21.Which Union territory has lowest population ?
Answer: Lakshadweep


* 22. What is the number of districts in India according to 2011 census  ?
Answer: 640


For more Current Affairs and General Awareness questions visit Current Affairs Questions 2018


Did you know what is the full form of CSO ?

General knowledge questions UNO

Important General knowledge questions about United Nations Organization



1. When did UN charter signed ?
Answer: 1945 June 26


2. Who coined the name United Nations Organization ?
answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt


3. Who signed UN charter for India ?
Answer: Ramaswami Mudaliar


4. Where is the head quarters of UN ?
answer: New York


5. When UNO came into existence ?
Answer: 1945 October 24


6. UN day is observed on ?
answer: October 24


7. What is the total number of member countries in United Nations Organization ?
Answer:  193 (last one = South Sudan)


8. Where is United Nations University situated ?
answer: Tokyo


9. Where is United Nations Peace University situated ?
Answer: Costa Rica


10. How many languages are recognized by UN ?
answer: 6


11. When did the Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by UN general Assemby ?
Answer: December 10, 1948


12. Human Rights day observed on ?
Answer: December 10


* 13. Which day is declared as Malala Day by United Nations ?
Answer: July 12


Did you know which is the first state to eradicate Malaria in India ?

Current affairs Questions for competitive exams 2012

Current affairs and General Awareness questions 2013 for IBPS, Bank PO, RRB, SBI and Postal assistant part-2



1. Who is newly appointed as United Nations goodwill ambassador for UNAIDS ?
Answer: Aishwarya Rai Bachchan

2. Which country won T20 World cup 2012 ?
Answer: West indies (beating Sri Lanka)


3. Which country won T20 Womens World cup 2012 ?
Answer: Australia (beating England)


4. What is the name of new book written by JK Rowling ?
Answer: The Casual Vacancy


5. According to the Forbes annual list of the world's 100 most powerful women on August 2012, Who has been ranked in the first place ?
Answer:  Angela Merkel


6. What is the name of new ship commissioned on 2012 for coast guard ?
Answer: Rajatarang


7. Who won the 2012 Amnesty International Ambassador of Conscience Award ?
Answer: Aung San Suu Kyi


8. Which Country won Asian Kabadi Championship 2012 ?
Answer: Pakistan (defeating India)


9. Who is the Winner of 2012 US Grand Prix ?
Answer: Lewis Hamilton


10. The seventh meeting of the G-20 summit was held in which country ?
Answer: Mexico (Los Cabos)


11. Which is the fastest super computer ?
Answer: Titan


12. Who is the new chief of RAW ?
Answer: Alok Joshi


13. Who will be the first Muslim head of Intelligence Bureau (IB) ?
Answer: Syed Asif Ibrahim


14. Which country won Davis cup 2012 (men's tennis) ?
Answer: Czech Republic


15. In which jail Ajmal Kasab hanged ?
Answer: Yerawada Jail (Pune)


16. Who is the new CBI director ?
Answer: Ranjit Sinha (25th director)


17. Who is the Winner of Miss Universe 2012 ?

 









Answer: Olivia Culpo


18. Who is the winner of  Laureus Award Sportsman of the Year 2012 ?
Answer: Novak Djokovic


19. Who is the winner of  Laureus Award Sportswoman of the Year 2012 ?
Answer: Vivian Cheruiyot


20. Who is the winner of SASTRA Ramanujan Prize in 2012 ?
Answer: Zhiwei Yun


* 21. Who is the brand ambassador of BMW in India ?
Answer: Sachin Tendulkar


* 22. Who is the special public prosecutor of 2008 Mumbai attack ?
Answer: Ujjwal Nikam


* 23. Who is the winner of 2011 Jnanpith Award ?
Answer: Dr.Pratibha Ray


* 24. Who is the present president of Ghana ?
Answer: John Dramani Mahama


* 25. Who is the new chair man of Tata group ?
Answer: Cyrus Mistry


* 26. Who is America's New Foreign Secretary ?
Answer: John Kerry

* newly updated

For latest current affairs questions in 2013 visit Current affairs latest gk questions 2013

For more general awareness and current affairs questions visit current affairs questions Quiz part 1

Current affairs are added as Comment to save time and effort , see those too.

Latest General Awareness Questions 2012 : Current Affairs RRB

Important and Expecting General Awareness ( Current Affairs ) question for RRB, General Awareness question ( Current Affairs ) for SBI clerk and Postal Assistant exam, 2012


1. What is the new name of Big Ben tower in London ?
Answer: Elizabeth tower


2. Who is the new President of All Indian Tennis Association ?
Answer: Anil Khanna


3. Who is the new President of Egypt ?
Answer: Muhammad Murzi


4. Which country will host the 2016 Euro Cup?
Answer: France


5. Who won the Golden Boot in 2012 Euro Cup ?
Answer: Fernando Torres (Spain)


6. Who is elected as Best player of 2012 Euro cup ?
Answer: Andres Iniesta


7. Who is the new president of Mexico ?
Answer: Enrique Pena Nieto


8. Who is the new prime minister of Greece ?
Answer: Antonis Samaras


9. Who is the first amputee to compete in Olympics ?
Answer: Oscar Pistorius


10. Who is appointed as new President of World Bank on 16th April 2012 ?
Answer: Jim Yong Kim


11. Who is crowned as Miss India 2012 ?
Answer: Vanya Mishra


12. Who is crowned as Miss World 2012 ?
Answer: Yu Wenxia (China)














13. Who won the 73 rd PGA Tour title 2012 ?
Answer: Tiger Woods


14. Who is the First woman Space traveler of China ?
Answer: Liu Yung


15. Which Indian Won the Ramon Magsaysay Award ?
Answer: Kulendei Francis


16. Who is newly appointed as UN Special Envoy for Syria replacing Kofi Annan ?
Answer: Lakhdar Brahmini 


 17. Who is the present President of Pakistan ?
Answer: Asif Ali Zardar

18. Who is the present Prime Minister of Pakistan ?
Answer: Raja Pervaiz Asharaf


19. Who is the present President of Nepal ?
Answer: Ram Baran Yadav

20. Who is the present Prime Minister of Nepal ?
Answer: Baburam Bhattari


21.What is the name of new book written by Shashi Tharoor ?
Answer: Pax Indica


22. Who is the first Indian origin to became Supreme Court chief justice of Singapore ?
Answer: Sundaresh Menon (kerala)


23. Which are the satellites put into orbit by PSLV-21 as ISRO's 100th mission ?
Answer:  SPOT-6 (French earth observation satellite) and Proiteres (Japanese micro satellite )


24. Who the first Muslim and Youngest Minister of Norway (newly appointed) ?
Answer: Hadia Tajik  ( Norwegian Culture Minister)

25. Which Country host the ICC World T20 tournament ?
Answer: Sri Lanka


* 26.  Who won Indian Grand Prix 2012 ?
Answer: Sebastian Vettel


* 27. Who won the Denmark Open Badminton Super Series Premiere 2012 ?
Answer: Saina Nehwal


* 28.  What is the name of newly released autobiography of  Saina Nehwal ?
Answer: Playing to win

 Visit Important Straits general knowledge questions for RRB, SBI, Postal Assistant Exams.

For more Current affairs and General Awareness Questions visit Current affairs Questions 2012

General Awareness questions Staff Selection Commission

SSC General Awareness Solved Previous questions (Asked on 28/10/2012)



1. "Supply creates its own demand" is the

a. Law of Demand
b. Law of Supply
c. Law of Market
d. Law of Demand and Supply




2. Ghandhi is known as

a. Marxist
b. Fabianist
c. Philosophical anarchist
d. Radical anarchist




3. Indian Federalism is close to

a. Canada
b. USA
c. Nigeria
d. Australia




4. Fundamental Rights are enshrined in which Part of the Indian Constitution ?

a. Part 1V
b. Part 11
c. Part 111
d. Part V




5. Which Article of the Indian Constitution provides special status to Jammu and Kashmir ?

a. 370
b. 371
c. 369
d. 390




6. The origin of Indian music could be traced back to which of the following Vedic Samhitas ?

a. Rig Veda
b. Atharva Veda
c. Sama Veda
d. Yajur Veda




7. The First Anglo-Maratha War came to an end by the treaty of

a. Salbai
b. Purandar
c. Surat
d. Bassein




8. Which of the following geomorphical pairs is not correct ?

a. Delta - River
b. Sinkholes - Wind
c. Cirque - Glacier
d. Tombolo - Wave




9. Siderite is an ore of

a. Aluminium
b. Iron
c. Tin
d. Copper




10. Common cold is caused by

a. Protozoa
b. Unicellular algae
c. Virus
d. Bacteria




11. Stilt roots are present in

a. Mango
b. China rose
c. Banyan
d. Maize

Answer: d. Maize



12. Which pairs of structures are usually found in both plant and animal cells ?

a. Endoplasmic reticulum and cell membrane
b. Cell membrane and cell wall
c. Cell wall and nucleus
d. Nucleus and chloroplast




13. Which of the following are homologous organs ?

a. Skin of crocodile and feather of birds
b. Forelimb of horse and man
c. Wings of insects and birds
d. Tail of fish and cat




14. Which of the following algae is being used in space research ?

a. Chlamydomonas
b. Chlorella
c. Hydrodictyon
d. Cladophora




15. Which of the following is not a green house gas ?

a. Chlorofluorocarbon
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Ethane
d. Water vapour




16. Fullerene, a newly discovered crystalline carbon allotrope contains

a. 60 C atoms
b. 40 C atoms
c. 100 C atoms
d. 80 C atoms




17. The metal which is protected by a layer of its own oxide is

a. Aluminium
b. Silver
c. Gold
d. Iron




18. Filaria is caused by

a. Ascaris lumbricoides
b. Entamoeba histolytica
c. Wuchereria bancrofti
d. Plasmodium vivax




19. Who is the Chief of Indian Army ?

a. Gen. V.K. Singh
b. Gen. Bikram Singh
c. Gen. J.J. Singh
d. Gen.Dalbir Singh




20. Who among the following Indian Prime Ministers received "NISHAN-E-PAKISTAN", the highest civilian award in Pakistan ?

a. Atal Behari Vajpayee
b. Indira Gandhi
c. Moraji Desai
d. Rajiv Gandhi




21. Which Country won the Gold in Sultan Azlan Shah Cup Hockey Tournament in 2012 ?

a. Argentina
b. India
c. New Zealand
d. South Korea




22. Where is Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports ?

a. Patiala
b. Gwalior
c. Kolkata
d. Pune




23. Mullaperiyar Dam is a disputed issue between

a. Kerala and Tamil Nadu
b. Kerala and Karnataka
c. Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
d. Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu




24. Smt. Margaret Alva is the Governor of

a. Gujarat
b. Sikkim
c. Tamil Nadu
d. Uttarakhand




25. The Union Territory of Puducherry does not have a common border with

a. Andhra Pradesh
b. Kerala
c. Karnataka
d. Tamil Nadu

Answer: c. Karnataka



Did you know who is the father of Indian Super Computer ?